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PURIFICATION OF IMPURITIES 

1. Najâsat (impurity) is of two kinds: one that is very thick or hard, and even if a little touches a person, it will have to be washed. This najâsat is called najâsat-e-ghalîzah (heavy impurity). The other is a little less and lighter, and is called najâsat-e-khafîfah (lighter impurity).
2. The following substances are regarded as najâsat-e-ghalîzah: blood; stool, urine and semen of humans; intoxicating drinks; the excreta and urine of cats and dogs; the meat, hair, bones, and everything else of pigs; the dung of horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, oxen, buffaloes, etc; the droppings of goats and sheep; in other words the excreta of all animals; the droppings of fowls, ducks and wild ducks; and the urine of donkeys, mules and all harâm animals.
3. The stool and urine of a small child that is still being breast-fed is also najâsat-e-ghalîzah.
4. The excreta of harâm birds and the urine of halâl animals, such as goats, cows and buffaloes. The urine of horses is najâsat-e-khafîfah.
5. With the exception of fowls, ducks and wild ducks, the excreta of all other halâl birds such as pigeons, sparrows, etc. is pure. The urine and stool of bats is pure.
6. If a najâsat-e-ghalîzah that is thin and flowing falls on the body or clothes, it will be excused if the area on which it falls is equal to or less than a fifty cents coin in extent. If the person performs his salât without washing it off, his salât will be valid. But to refrain from washing it and to continue offering his salâts in this way is makruh. If it is more than a fifty cents coin, then it will not be excused. Salât will not be valid if it is not washed off. If a najâsat-e-ghalîzah is thick and solid, for example stool or the excreta of fowls, etc. and its weight is equal to or less than about 4 grams, then performing salât without washing it off will be valid. But if it is more than this weight, salât will not be valid.
7. Najâsat-e-khafîfah falls on the body or clothing. If it is less than a quarter of the area on which it fell, it will be excused. But if it is equal to a quarter or more, it will not be excused. In other words, if it falls on one sleeve, it is less than a quarter of that sleeve. If it falls on one panel of a shirt, it is less than a quarter of it. If it falls on a scarf, it is less than a quarter of that scarf. Only if it is less than a quarter of all these it will be excused. Similarly, if the najâsat-e-khafîfah falls on one hand or on a leg, then if it is less than a quarter of that hand or leg, salât will be valid if it is not washed. In other words, on whichever limb the najâsat falls, less than a quarter of that limb will be considered. If it is equal to a quarter or more, then it will not be excused. It will have to be washed. Salât that is performed without washing it will not be valid.
8. The water in which najâsat-e-ghalîzah falls also becomes najas-e-ghaleez; and the water in which najâsat-e-khafîfah falls also becomes najas-e-khafeef.
9.Impure oil fell on one's clothing but the extent of it was less than three centimetres in diameter. However, after some time it spread and became more than three centimetres in diameter. As long as it was less, it will be excused. But once it spreads beyond the limit, it will not be excused. Washing it off will be wajib. If it is not washed off, salât will not be valid.
10. The blood of fish is not impure. There is no harm if it falls on a person. The same applies to
34. the blood of flies, bugs and mosquitos